Finite Element Studies of the Pelvic Floor Deformation Essay Example

Finite Element Studies of the Pelvic Floor Deformation Essay Example Finite Element Studies of the Pelvic Floor Deformation Paper Finite Element Studies of the Pelvic Floor Deformation Paper Researches have been conducted to determine the factors that lead to pelvic floor deformation in women and solutions have been found although more has to be done to end the problem. There is hope for those women who have been suffering in silence for the reason that the anomaly can be solved or treated. This is a study that has helped to prevent pelvic floor damage during child birth and doctors are able to diagnose the problem. One of the main causes is the pressure and neural excitation provoked by vaginal child birth. This has been a big problem in women which has caused other secondary problems like unable to control bowel movements i.e. urinary and faecal incontinence. Pelvic floor dysfunction also causes pelvic pain in some women. The main cause of the problem is associated with the damage of connective tissues and muscles of the pelvic floor. : Modern studies have been conducted to determine treatment and preventive measures to the problem hence finite element for the passive and active deformation of the levator ani muscle are presented in this case. Models of pelvic bones have been used, which has signaled the possible remedy for the problem. Nevertheless, the mention of pelvic problems and consequences of childbirth such as pelvic floor dysfunction must not scare women who intend to have a family. Naturally the fetus cannot damage the pelvic floor during childbirth because the movement of the fetus gives an allowance as it rotates and the head stretches or extends upon arrival in the vaginal introitus. The Finite element (FE) was first introduced in 1972 and it is widely used nowadays in orthopaedic biomechanics for the micro-structural modeling of bones. The Finite Element works with a Computed Tomography but this technology exposes patients or the body to too much radiation which may be having adverse effects. However, scientific studies have introduced a new method for models of the femur and the pelvis from sparse Computed Tomography datasets. This method has the capability to take very complex geometrics using few elements which is the way forward to correct the problem. This is an advancement to solve the mystery of finding the right and standard measurement of the pelvic bones and the related muscles and tissues in different women because all women’s pelvic bones are different from one another. Even though the datasets may only have been restricted to the clinical interests but it is wise to introduce the structural information for the whole bone. The issue of radiation as been the bone of contention but with the advancement in technology it has been reduced drastically and accuracy in computations confirmed. But it has been noted that the more the reduced radiations the more deformities pass undetected especially if the pelvic bones which are delicate may be having minute fractures. Nevertheless, the efficiency has been ensured due to the discovery of the Finite Element in combination with the CT which has made it possible to handle a large number of datasets for examining the behavior of hip prosthesis. This discovery is very necessary because of the complexities associated with pelvic floor and all the surrounding muscles and tissues having connectivity properties with the bones next to it. Moreover, the comparison of datasets has been very accurate. A Shell Finite Element Model This is a model that can stimulate the pelvic floor. The main problem for many women is the pelvic floor dysfunction which causes disorders including urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence and others. This is true after studies revealed that 50 percent of women aged above 65 years experience the problem. Pelvic organ prolapse occurs extensively to young and energetic women of child bearing age. Through the functions and the behavior of the pelvic such as support to the pelvic organs, abdominal contents and the contractions respectively has propelled researchers to design models that resemble the pelvic bones for experimenting and analyzing pelvic movements in order to find a remedy for many suffering women. But it is not yet clear what causes this pelvic floor damage however there is a general believe that this damage is caused by damage to the connective tissues and muscles of the pelvic floor. The pelvic floor depends on other elements to function properly and these elements are the fascia, ligament and adjacent muscles. For surgeons to take corrective measures to the damaged pelvis floor they have to understand first what the main cause is and then reconstruct ligaments and the fascia. It is precedented that the future holds hope for the affected women because models have been made in a way to stimulate functions of the pelvic floor. Experiments are accompanied with calculations to ensure accuracy so as not to cause further damage during reconstruction. Moreover, extensive research has been directed to the contraction of the skeletal muscles which are of great importance. The research has been done using models and due to the advancement of technology, 3D will be a commendable simulation to demonstrate what really happens and what are the causes and cures.

Text of the 14th Amendment

Text of the 14th Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by Congress on June 13, 1866, during the Reconstruction period after the end of the Civil War. Along with the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, it is one of the three Reconstruction amendments. Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment modified Article I, section 2 of the Constitution. It has had far-reaching effects on the relationship between states and the federal government. Text of the 14th Amendment Section 1.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 2.Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,* and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section 3.No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4.The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5.The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. *Changed by section 1 of the 26th amendment.